![]() ![]() In muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis, patients suffer from progressively destructive ulcerations of the mucosa, extending from the nose and mouth to the pharynx and larynx. The ulcers heal spontaneously - although slowly - in immunocompetent individuals, but cause disfiguring scars. ![]() ![]() Different species of Leishmania can infect the macrophages in the dermis, with variable clinical presentations and prognoses 3, 4. In cutaneous leishmaniasis, the patient generally presents with one or several ulcer(s) or nodule(s) in the skin. Leishmaniasis consists of four main clinical syndromes: cutaneous leishmaniasis muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis (also known as espundia) visceral leishmaniasis (VL also known as kala-azar) and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) ( Fig. ![]()
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